Isolation and structural elucidation of xanthone derivatives from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L.

Abstract

In Vietnam, Garcinia mangostana L. is commonly referred to as “Mang Cut”, renowned not only as the “queen of fruits” but also for its various medicinal properties, particularly the shell of the mangosteen fruit. In traditional medicine, the shell of G. mangostana has long been employed to treat infections, diarrhoea, dysentery, and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that it possesses a variety of bioactive properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, and antiviral effects, attributed to xanthones. In our research, a phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract from the shell of G. mangostana led to the identification of several compounds, including garcinone C (1), garcinone D (2), bannaxanthone A (3), 8-deoxygartanin (4), and mangostanol (5). Their structures were elucidated through a comprehensive examination of ESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. This is the first instance of bannaxanthone A (3) being isolated from this plant. These findings contribute to our understanding of G. mangostana and highlight its potential as a valuable herbal resource that may provide secondary compounds for the treatment of non-communicable diseases in the future.